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2008. február 12. kedd, 21:28 | Írta: Horváth Friderika |

Hungarian Archaeology at the turn of the Millennium (Edited by ZSOLT VISY & MIHÁLY NAGY). Budapest 2003.
You can download chapters in PDF format TABLE of CONTENTS	5

Commendation	7
Editors’ foreword	9
Lectori Salutem

I. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN HUNGARY
Edited by MIHÁLY NAGY
The history of archaeological fieldwork in Hungary	15
Underwater archaeology	22
The emergence of underwater archaeology in Hungary	22
The conditions of underwater archaeology in Hungary	22
Underwater finds,underwater sites	22
Underwater excavations in Hungary	23
Opinions and counter-opinions	24
The future of underwater research	25
Aerial archaeology in Hungary	25
Urban archaeology: a special field of heritage protection	28
The nature of urban archaeology	29
Urban excavations and urban planning	30
The protection of the archaeological heritage in Hungary	31
Beginnings	31
The importance of the foundation of the Hungarian National Museum	31
The role of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences	32
Legislation	33
The protection of the immovable heritage at present	35
International practice	35

II. MAN AND HIS ENVIRONMENT
Edited by LÁSZLÓ BARTOSIEWICZ & ERZSÉBET JEREM
Environmental archaeology: the birth of a new discipline	39
Methods of environmental archaeology	39
Environmental archaeology in Hungary	42
The future of environmental archaeology–reconstructing and protecting the landscape	44
Dating methods	44
Relative chronology	44
Radiocarbon dating	46
Other dating methods	48
Dendrochronology and ancient forest cover	48
The principles of dating	48
Datingin practice	49
Archaeological examples	50
Forestry:a historical perspective	51
Future research directions	51
Palaeoenvironmetal history of Hungary	51
The mosaic patterning of the environment	51
Reindeer hunters of the late Ice Age	52
Mesolithic hunter-gatherers	53
Early food producing communities in the Neolithic	54
Consequences of the mosaic patterning of the environment	56
Hunted animals	56
The archaeological significance of hunting	56
Holocene mammals in Hungary	57
Hunted animals	57
Hunting booty as archaeological finds	59
Hunting in the post-medieval period	60
The archaeology of domestic animals	60
Why study the remains of domestic animals?	60
The first domestic animals	60
The beginnings of animal keeping in the Carpathian Basin	60
What can we learn from animal bones?	61
Equestrian burials	61
Bone working	62
Reconstructing nutritional history	62
Animal breeds	63
Remains of anexotic animal	63
New perspectives in the archaeological research of domestic animals	64
The archaeology of cultivated plants	64
The human population	67
Historical anthropology	67
Burials–Excavations	67
How does historical anthropology contribute to historical studies?	67
Historical demography	68
Health and disease in the past	68
Modifications caused by cultural tradition	70
What did they look like?–The reconstruction of facial features	70
Anthropological collections	71
Modern Age mummies	71
Exhumation and identification	71
Perspectives in historical anthropology	72
Appendix: the mammals of Hungary	73

III. THE PALAEOLITHIC AND MESOLITHIC
Edited by KATALIN T. BIRÓ
Introduction	77
Vértesszőlős: the first people in Hungary	78
The evolution and culture of modern man	81
The Middle Palaeolithic	81
The transition from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic	84
The early Upper Palaeolithic	84
Late glacial hunters	85
The Mesolithic: towards a production economy	91

IV. THE NEOLITHIC
Edited by KATALIN T. BIRÓ
Introduction: the beginnings of a production economy in Hungary	99
The history of the Neolithic	100
The Neolithic in the southern part of the Great Hungarian Plain	100
The Neolithic in the northernpart of the Great Hungarian Plain and the Northern Mountain Range	101
The Neolithic in Transdanubia up to the appearance of the Lengyel culture	102
The Late Neolithic in Transdanubia	102
Neolithic settlements	103
Füzesabony–Gubakút:a Neolithic settlement in the Great Hungarian Plain	103
Mosonszentmiklós–Egyéniföldek:a Neolithic village in Transdanubia	104
Hódmezővásárhely–Gorzsa:a Late Neolithic settlement in the Tisza region	106
Burial rites of the Neolithic	107
Neolithic burials in the Tisza region	108
Neolithic burial customs and burial rites in Transdanubia	110
Neolithic beliefs	112
Raw materials, mining and trade	117

V. THE COPPER AGE
Edited by ZSUZSNNA M. VIRÁG
History of the Copper Age	125
Settlements	127
Early metallurgy in the Carpathian Basin	129
Copper Age religion and beliefs	132

VI. THE BRONZE AGE
Edited by ERZSÉBET JEREM
Changes in the 3rd millennium B.C.: the dawn of a new period	141
The Early Bronze Age	141
Tell cultures of the Early and Middle Bronze Age	142
Tiszaug–Kéménytető: a Bronze Agesettlement in the Tiszazug	143
Burials around Nagyrév–Zsidóhalom	144
The expansion of the Hatvan culture	145
Jászdózsa–Kápolnahalom:a tell settlement in the Great Hungarian Plain	146
Cemeteries of the Hatvan culture	147
Central European economies: agriculturalists in Transdanubia	148
Potters in Transdanubia	150
Burials of the Encrusted Pottery culture	150
Fortified centres along the Danube	151
Dunaújváros–Dunadûlő: burials of the Vatya culture	155
The florescence of the Middle Bronze Age in the Tisza region: the Füzesabony culture	156
Cemeteries of the Füzesabony culture	157
The Middle Bronze Age population of the Berettyó–Körös region: the Gyulavarsánd culture	158
Túrkeve–Terehalom:a tell settlement in the Berettyó valley	158
Tell settlements in the Maros region	160
The Koszider period	161
The advent of a new period: the Late Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin	161
The Tumulus culture: invaders from the west	161
The expanding world:masters of bronzeworking in the Carpathian Basin	163
Bronze Age metallurgy	167
The emergence of Bronze Age metallurgy	167
Bronzeworking in the Middle Bronze Age	168
Gold metallurgy	169
The bronze industry of the Late Bronze Age	170
Late Bronze Age gold metallurgy	173

VII. THE IRON AGE
Edited by ERZSÉBET JEREM
The beginning of the Iron Age: the pre-Scythians	177
The Middle Iron Age: Scythians in the Tisza region	179
Burials	179
Settlement and economy	180
Horse harness and weapons	181
Animal style art	182
Pottery	182
The Early Iron Age in Transdanubia: the Hallstatt culture	183
New research results	183
Hillforts and fortified settlements	184
Burial mounds and religious beliefs	185
Inurned burials	187
Weapons, horse harness, costume: the finds from male burials	187
Female costume and jewellery	187
Masterpieces of the potter’scraft	188
Rural settlements	190
Crafts and industry	191
The Late Iron Age: the Celts of the La Tène period	192
New advances in the research of the Celts	192
History of the Celts	192
Celtic cemeteries and burial customs	193
Grave goods and costume	195
Settlement history	197
Masterpieces of Celtic craftsmanship	198
Religion	200
The Celtic site at Ménfőcsanak	200

VIII. THE ROMAN PERIOD
Edited by ZSOLT VISY
Historical outline of the Roman period	205
The nature of research	205
Pannonia	205
Roman administration in Pannonia	205
The change in lifeways	206
Pannonia’s role in the Roman Empire	207
Pannonia in Antiquity	207
Changes in the 4th century	208
Questions of survival	208
The border defence of Pannonia	208
Fortifications	209
Watchtowers	213
The limes road	215
Late Roman forts in Pannonia	215
Roman roads in Transdanubia	218
The towns of Pannonia	221
The early development of Pannonian towns	221
Religious life in Pannonian towns	223
Savaria	224
Scarbantia	226
Aquincum: the civilian town	227
Brigetio	229
Sopianae	230
Aqueducts and public utilities	231
Licence, design, execution	232
Operation and maintenance	234
Regional establishments linked to water	234
Recent research results	234
The subsequent fate of Roman aqueducts	234
Rural settlements in Pannonia	235
Villas	235
Roman villas north of Lake Balaton	238
Rural settlements in Pannonia	241
Crafts and industry	243
Quarries	244
Brick kilns	244
Lime kilns	245
Pottery kilns	245
Glass	246
Ironworking	246
Bronzeworking	247
Cult centres in Pannonia	247
Burials	251
Burial rites in the Roman period	252
Burials and settlement layout	255
Funerary memorials and monuments	256
Roman period tumuli in Transdanubia	257

IX. THE BARBARICUM IN THE ROMAN PERIOD
Edited by ANDREA VADAY
Historical overview	265
The peoples of the Barbaricum during the Roman period	267
The Sarmatians	267
The Celts	269
The Dacians	269
The Quadi	270
The Vandals	271
The archaeology of the Sarmatian territories	271
Burials	271
Settlements	275
The archaeology of the northern and northeastern fringes of the Sarmatian settlement territory	278
Research perspectives	280

X. THE MIGRATION PERIOD
Edited by TIVADAR VIDA
Cross-roads of peoples and cultures	283
The Huns	284
History of the Huns	284
History of research	285
Burials and society	286
The Sarmatians in the Hun period	287
The Romanized population in the 5th–6th centuries	289
Germans and Alans in Transdanubia in the 5th century	291
The Ostrogoths	291
The Suebians	293
Germanic peoples in the Great Hungarian Plain during the 5th century	293
The Gepids	294
History	294
History of research	295
Cemeteries and society	296
Settlements	297
The Langobards	298
History	298
History of research	299
Cemeteries and society	300
Settlements and subsistence	301
The early and middle Avar period	302
History	302
History of research	302
Cemeteries and society	304
The middle Avar period	306
Crafts, costume and implements	306
Settlements and subsistence	307
The Late Avar period	308
History	308
History of research	308
Cemeteries and society	309
Crafts	310
Settlements	311
The Carolingian period	312
History	312
History of research	313
Cemeteries	314
Settlements	314
Mosaburg/Zalavár	315

XI. THE CONQUEST PERIOD
Edited by LÁSZLÓ RÉVÉSZ
The archaeological research of the Conquest period	321
10th–11th century settlements	326
Earthen forts	328
Crafts	331
The art and religion of the ancient Hungarians	333
The cemeteries of the Conquest period	338

XII. THE MIDDLE AGES AND THE POST-MEDIEVAL PERIOD
Edited by JÓZSEF LASZLOVSZKY
Medieval archaeology in Hungary	347
Medieval royal centres	348
Székesfehérvár	350
Esztergom	352
th century royal castles	353
The royal palace of Buda	355
The Gothic sculptures of Buda Castle	358
Buda Palace at the end of the Middle Ages	358
Visegrád	359
The re-creation of the Renaissance in Visegrád	362
The archaeology of Hungary’s medieval towns	364
The archaeological investigation of medieval urban structure	365
Medieval urban parish churches and hospitals	367
Urban archaeology and written sources	367
Medieval market towns	368
Cathe drals, monasteries and churches: the archaeology of ecclesiastic monuments	372
Medieval monasteries	372
The Franciscan friary in Visegrád	375
Castles, forts and stockades – medieval and Ottoman period military architecture	377
Minor castles	377
Royal castles in the later Middle Ages	378
Military architecture in Hungary during the Ottoman period	380
Palisaded forts in Hungary during the Ottoman period	381
Medieval villages and their fields	383
The structure of Árpádian Age rural settlements	384
A ‘buried landscape’: Árpádian Age settlement history in the Danube–Tisza interfluve	385
Village parish churches	385
The reconstruction of a medieval dwelling	386
Ethnic groups and cultures in medieval Hungary	388
Eastern ethnic groups in medieval Hungary	388
The archaeological legacy of the Pecheneg and Cumanian aristocracy	389
From aul to village: Cumanian and Jazygian settlements	391
Cumanian and Jazygian cemeteries	393
Ethnic groups in the towns of medieval Hungary	394
Jews and urbanization	395
Medieval material culture – medieval archaeology	397
Stoves with a story and artistic cups: late medieval pottery	398
The stove from the era of King Louis the Great in Visegrád	399
Gothic stoves and their influence on folk stoves	400
The Matthias period tiled stove from Visegrád Palace	401
“The more often a pitcher goes to the well…”	403
Ottoman period archaeology – post-medieval archaeology	405
The archaeology of the Ottoman period	405
Turkish material culture	409
The florescence and decline of villages	411
Hungarian material culture in the Ottoman period	412
An enigmatic settlement type: hamlets and farmsteads	413

XIII. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS
Edited by KATALIN VOLLÁK
Academicians in archaeology	415
Archaeological collections and museums	417
From King Matthias’s collection of antiquities to the Hungarian National Museum and specialized collections	417
The changing tasks of archaeological museums from the iremergence in the late 19th century until today	419
Excavations: from treasure hunting to motorway archaeology	419
Archaeological education and research at the universities	421
Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest	421
Department of Archaeology, József Attila University, Szeged	423
Department of Ancient History and Archaeology, Janus Pannonius University, Pécs	425
Department of Prehistory and Ancient History, Miskolc University	425
Department of History, Berzsenyi Dániel College, Szombathely	425
Archaeology and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences	426
Research policy and publications	426
Academic classification	426
Membership in the Academy	426
Publicbody	427
The Archaeological Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences	427
Listed archaeological sites – volunteers and amateurs in archaeology	428
Registration and databases	430
The conservation and exhibition of archaeological remains: archaeological parksand experimental archaeology	432
Hungarian archaeological sites on the World Heritage List	435
The integration of historic monument preservation into heritage projects	437
Index of sites	441
Select bibliography	451
List of illustrations	473
Chronological charts	483

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Módosítás: (2009. május 19. kedd, 14:45)